11)$B!$7W;;7k2L$N@5Ev@-$,N"$E$1$i$l$k!%$3$N$h$&$K!$(BPPP $BK!$r3hMQ$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!$%$%s%8%4$NH/?'7O$O4pK\E*$K$O(B (7) $B$G!$%Y%s%<%s4D$OJd=uE*$JLr3d$7$+$O$?$7$F$$$J$$$3$H$,!$M}O@E*$K$O$8$a$FL@$i$+$K$5$l$?!%<0(B (7) $B$NH/?'7O$r$=$N7A$+$i(B H $B7?H/?'7O!$$^$?!$6&LrM}O@$H$N4X78$+$i8r:56&Lr7O$H$$$&!%(B
$B#6!%8r:96&Lr7O$N?'AG$H$=$NN`;wBN(B
$B!!:G$b9b2A$JE7A3@wNA$G$"$C$?%A%j%"%s!&%Q!<%W%k$O!$%$%s%8%4$N(B 6,6' $B%8%V%m%bM6F3BN$N9=B$$r;}$D$3$H$,L@$i$+$K$5$l$?!%$3$NNr;KE*$J@wNA$b8r:56&Lr7O$NJ,;R$G$"$k$3$H$O6=L#?<$$!%(B
$BI=#1!%%$%s%8%4(B (4) $B$H$=$N4pK\%f%K%C%H(B (5)$B!$(B(6)$B!$(B(8) $B$N5[<}6KBg(B (nm)
-----------------------------------------------
Compd. (4) (5) (6) (8)
-----------------------------------------------
obs. 588 529 487 285
calc. 579 561 477 279
-----------------------------------------------
$B!!%-%J%/%j%I%s(B (10) $B$O!$@V?'4iNA$H$7$F!$(B1960 $BG/Be$N?':`9)6H3&$K:GBg$NOCBj$rDs6!$7$F$-$?(B12)$B!%%-%J%/%j%I%s$O!$%$%s%8%4(B (4) $B$NCf1{$NFs=E7k9g$r%Y%s%<%s4D$GCV$-49$($?9=B$$r;}$D!%(BPPP $BJ,;R50F;K!7W;;$K$h$l$P!$(B(11) $B$O!$(B(10) $B$h$j$`$7$mD9GHD9$N5[<}6KBg$,M=B,$5$l$k$3$H$+$i!$%-%J%/%j%I%s$N4pK\E*$JH/?'7O$O(B (11) $B$G$"$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$F$$$k(B6)$B!%10) $B$O!$(B523 nm $B$K!$(B(11) $B$O(B 528 nm $B$K5[<}$rM?$($k(B6)$B!%%-%J%/%j%I%s(B (10) $B$O!$87L)$J0UL#$G$N8r:56&Lr7O2=9gJ*$G$O$J$$$,!$$=$N9=B$2=9gJ*E*FCD'$O%$%s%8%4$HN`;wE@$,B?$$!%(B
$B!!%-%J%/%j%I%s$HF1$88^4D$N=L4D7O$K!$%H%j%U%'%N%8%*%-%5%8%s(B (12, X=O) $B$d!$%H%j%U%'%N%8%A%"%8%s(B (12, X=S) $B$,$"$k!%$3$l$i$b<0(B (7) $B$K4XO"$9$k4pK\9|3J$rM-$7$F$$$k!%(B
$B!!<0(B (13) $B$GI=$5$l$k%T%m%m%T%m!<%kN`$O!$:G6aEP>l$7$??7$7$$9|3J$rM-$9$k7xO4$J@V?'4iNA$G$"$k(B13)$B!%(B (13) $B$O!$J,;R9|3J$,$-$o$a$F>.$5$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:D9GHD9$N5[<}$rM?$($k!%$3$l$O!$(B(13) $B$,%$%s%8%4$KN`;w$7$?(B H $B7?H/?'7O$r;}$D$?$a$G$"$k$3$H$,!$(BPPP $BJ,;R50F;K!$K$h$C$F3N$+$a$i$l$F$$$k(B14)$B!%(B
$B#7!%5!G=@-?'AG$H$=$N@_7W(B
$B!!5!G=@-?'AG(B (functional dye) $B$H$$$&$N$O!$=>Mh$N@wNA$d4iNA$N$h$&$K!$Ce?':^$H$7$F$N5!G=0J30$N5!G=$rM-$9$k?'AG72$KBP$7$FM?$($i$l$?8F>N$G$"$k(B1, 15)$B!%%j!<%:Bg3X(B ($B%$%.%j%9(B) $B$N%0%j%U%#%9(B (J. Griffiths) $B$O!$5!G=@-?'AG$r%O%$%F%/?'AG$d%9%Z%7%c%j%F%#!'AG$H6hJL$9$k4p=`$K$D$$$F!$16)$B!%$?$H$($P!$%m!<%@%_%s(B 6G $B$H$$$&?'AG$O!$;f$NCe?':^$H$7$F=>Mh$N4iNA$H$7$F$NMQES$N$[$+!$7V8w4iNA$H$7$F$b;H$o$l$k!%8el9g$O!$%O%$%F%/?'AG$K$b5!G=@-?'AG$K$b3:Ev$7$J$$!%$H$3$m$,!$F1$8?'AG$r9bEY$K@:@=$7$F%l!<%6!'AG$H$7$FMQ$$$l$P!$$3$l$O5!G=@-?'AG$H$7$F$NMQES$K3:Ev$9$k(B ($B$b$A$m$s!$%O%$%F%/?'AG$K$b3:Ev$9$k(B) $B!%%0%j%U%#%9$O!$$3$N$h$&$J9M;!$+$i!$5!G=@-?'AG$KBP$7$F
$B!X5!G=@-?'AG$H$O!$EE;R$NNe5/$K$h$C$FEE<'GH$,5[<}$5$l$kEE;R9=B$$r;}$DJ,;R$N$&$A!$$=$N5!G=@-$,!$$3$N$h$&$JFCJL$NEE;R$N@-@\4XO"$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!Y(B
$B!!$3$NDj5A$K$h$l$P!$@V30@~$d;g30@~$r5[<}$9$k@-
$B!!8=:_$G$O!$$3$NDj5A$K4^$^$l$kB?MM$J?'AG72!$$?$H$($P!$%U%)%H%/%m%_%C%/2=9gJ*!$%T%(%>%/%m%_%C%/2=9gJ*!$%O%m%/%m%_%C%/2=9gJ*!$%5!<%b%/%m%_%C%/2=9gJ*!$M-5!Hs@~7A8w3X:`NA!$EE2YM"AwAX:`NA!$6a@V305[<}?'AG!$7V8w@-?'AG!$9b%9%T%sM-5!J,;R$J$I!$B?17)$B!%(B
$B#8!%?7$7$$5!G=@-?'AG$N3+H/$HJ,;R50F;K!(B
$B!!:G6a!$(BPPP $BJ,;R50F;K!$r!$?7$7$$J,;R9|3J$NC5:w$KMxMQ$9$kF0$-$,$5$+$s$G$"$k!%$?$H$($P!$<0(B (14)18)$B!$(B(15)$B!$(B(16)19) $B$J$I$NJ,;R9|3J$,Ds0F$5$l$F$$$k!%$$$:$l$b!$8r:56&Lr7O$NFCD'$G$"$k!V>.$5$$J,;R$GD9GHD9$N5[<}!W$r<($9$3$H$,7W;;$K$h$jM=B,$5$l!$
$B!!>>2,$i$O!$8r:56&Lr7O$NJ,;R(B (17) $B$Ne$G(B 100 nm $B0J>e$bBg$-$/0[$J$k$b$N$,B8:_$9$k$3$H$r8+$$$@$7$?(B20) $B!%=>Mh$h$j!$8r:56&LrJ,;R(B (4) $B$d(B (13) $B$G$O!$8GBN$HMO1U$N%9%Z%/%H%k$NAj0c$,;XE&$5$l!$J,;RFb$HJ,;R4V$N?eAG7k9gMM<0$N$A$,$$$K4p$E$/$b$N$H9M;!$5$l$F$$$k!%>>2,$i$O!$J,;R(B (17) $B$N(BX$B@~7k>=9=B$2r@O$N7k2L$r4^$a!$(BPPP $BK!$d!$(Bab initio $BJ,;R50F;K!$K$h$C$F$3$l$i$N%9%Z%/%H%k%7%U%H$N860x$r8!F$$9$k$H$H$b$K!$Hs@~7A8w3X:`NA$X$N1~MQ$r4k?^$7$F8&5f$r?J$a$F$$$k!%(B
$B!!(BPPP $BK!$rJL$N3QEY$+$iMxMQ$9$k;n$_$H$7$F!$7V8w%9%Z%/%H%k$K4XO"$9$k(B Stokes $B%7%U%H$NM=B,7W;;$,$"$k!%$3$NJ}K!$O!$8E$/$+$iC:2=?eAG7O2=9gJ*$KE,MQ$5$l$F$-$?(B21)$B!%(BGraz $BBg3X$N(B Fabian $B$O!$$3$NJ}K!$r%X%F%m86;R$r4^$`%/%^%j%sEy$KE,MQ$7$&$k$h$&$K2~NI$7$?(B22)$B!%$3$l$OB>$N?'AG9|3J$K$b;nMQ$5$l!$E,MQHO0O$K$D$$$F$N8!>Z$,$J$5$l$D$D$"$k(B23)$B!%$^$?!$F1MM$N24, 25)$B!%$3$l$i$NJ}K!$O!$(BINDO/S $BK!(B26) $B$d(B ab initio $BK!(B27) $B$K$h$k7V8w%9%Z%/%H%k$NM=B,7W;;$KHf$Y!$7W;;$,Hs>o$KC1=c$J$N$G!$25).
$B#9!%$3$l$+$i$N?'AG2=3X(B
$B!!KAF,$G=R$Y$?$h$&$K!$@wNA$K$O8E$$Nr;K$,$"$k!%$=$N$h$&$JD9$$Nr;K$NCf$G8+$l$P!$9g@.@wNA$NEP>l$OHf3SE*?7$7$$!%$7$+$7$J$,$i!$M-5!9g@.2=3X$NNr;K$H$$$&;kE@$G$O!$:G$b8E$$$b$N$KB0$9$k!%$=$l$G$O!$?'AG2=3X$NJ,Ln$O8&5f$7?T$/$5$l$?$+$+$H$$$&$H7h$7$F$=$&$G$O$J$$!%%T%m%m%T%m!<%k(B (13) $B$N$h$&$K!$$3$l$^$GA4$/L$CN$G$"$C$??75,9|3J$,H/8+$5$l!$M-MQ$J4iNA$H$7$FMQ$$$i$l$F$$$k$3$H$,$=$N>Z5r$G$"$k!%2=9gJ*(B (13) $B$O$=$NM6F3BN$b13)$B!%(B
$B!!@w4iNA$r5!G=@-?'AG$H$$$&4QE@$+$i8+$k$H$-!$5[<}%9%Z%/%H%k$P$+$j$G$J$/!$%$%*%s2=%]%F%s%7%c%k!$EE;R?FOBNO!$AP6K;R%b!<%a%s%H!$A+0\%b!<%a%s%H!$JP8w!$7V8w!$D6J,6KN(!$2=3XH?1~@-$J$I$N=tNL$,$=$N3+H/;X?K$H$J$k!%28)$B!%(B
$B!!J!0f$O!$%N!<%Y%k>^^9V1i$G!$!X7P832=3X$rM}O@LL$+$i?d?J$9$k$3$H!Y$r!$NL;RNO3X$N$R$H$D$N=EMW$JLr3d$H=R$Y$F$$$k(B29)$B!%$3$l$O!$9)$B!%(B
$B!!:G6a!$F|K\2=3X2q$N8&5f2q$H$7$F!$M}O@2=3X'$C$?#2$D$N8&5f2q$,AjK\5H=uBg:e;TBgL>M@65
$BJ88%$*$h$SCm(B
1) $B;~ED(B, $B>>2,(B, $B8E8e(B, $BLZ86(B, "$B5!G=@-?'AG$NJ,;R@_7W!]!](B PPP $BJ,;R50F;K!$H$=$N3hMQ(B", $B4]A1(B (1989).
2) $B>.@n>35, 510 (1987).
3) E. Gurr, "Synthetic Dyes in Biology, Medicine and Chemistry", Academic Press, London (1971).
4) O. Meth-Cohn, M. Smith, J. Chem.Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 5.
5) R.Robinson, J. Chem. Educ., 34, 54 (1957), $BF|5HK'O/(B, $BF|K\2=3X2qJT(B "$B
6) J. Fabian, H. Hartmann, "Light Absorption of Organic Colorants", Springer, Berlin (1980).
7) $B;~ED@!CK(B, "$B%+%i!<%1%_%9%H%j!<(B", $B4]A1(B (1982), p. 111.
8) $B:g(B $BLP9%(B, "$BBh#4HG
9) H. Zollinger, "Color Chemistry", 2nd ed., VCH, Weinheim (1987), p. 32, 38, 191.
10) M.Klessinger, W. L$B]U(Btke, Tetrahedron, 19, Suppl. 2, 315 (1963). $BJ88%(B 1) $B$H(B 6) $B$K$b$3$N7o$K$D$$$F$N2r@b$,$"$k!%$J$*!$I=#1$N7W;;CM$O!$J88%(B 1) $B$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$K$h$j:F7W;;$7$?$b$N$G$"$k!%(B
11) E. Wille, W. L$B]U(Btke, Angew. Chem. 83, 853 (1971), Int. Ed. Engl., 10, 803 (1971).
12) $B@>(B $B5WIW(B, "$B?'AG$N2=3X(B", $B2=3X(B One Point 15, $B6&N)=PHG(B (1985).
13) A. Iqbal, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Chem. of Functional Dyes, Mita Press, p. 60 (1993).
14) J. Griffiths, Chem. Brit., 1986, 998.
15) $BBg2O86(B, $B>>2,(B, $BJ?Eh(B, $BKLHx(B, "$B5!G=@-?'AG(B", $B9VCL
16) J. Griffiths, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Chem. of Functional Dyes, Mita Press, p. 1 (1993).
17) $BF|K\2=3X2qJT(B, $B5(4)2=3XAm@b(B "$B9b@:EYJ,;R@_7W$H?7AG:`3+H/(B", $B3X2q=PHG%;%s%?!<(B, 1998 $B4)9TM=Dj(B.
18) R. Naef, Dyes Pigm., 17, 113 (1991).
19) J. Sekihachi, J. Griffiths, Dyes Pigm., 32, 43 (1996).
20) J. H. Kim, M. Matsuoka, K. Fukunishi, Dyes Pigm., 31, 263 (1996).
21) Y. Fujimura, H. Yamaguchi, T. Nakajima, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 45, 384 (1972), F. Frater, G. Hiebaum, A. Gochev, J. Mol. Struct., 23, 437 (1974).
22) W. Fabian, Z. Naturforsch., 35a, 428 (1980), W. Fabian, J. Mol. Struct., 69, 227 (1980), W. Fabian, Dyes Pigm., 6, 341 (1985).
23) Q. Xuhong, Z. Zhenghua, C. Kongchang, Dyes Pigm., 11, 13 (1989), S. Nakatsuji, K. Matsuda, Y. Uesugi, K. Nakashima, S. Akiyama, G. Katzer, W. Fabian, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1991, 861, S. Nakatsuji, K. Matsuda, Y. Uesugi, K Nakashima, S.Akiyama, W. Fabian, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 755.
24) K. Wojciechowski, Dyes Pigm., 32, 199 (1996), 16, 35 (1991),
25) C. Lubai, C. Xing, H. Yufen, J. Griffiths, Dyes Pigm., 10, 123 (1989).
26) A. Broo, M. C. Zerner, Theor. Chim. Acta, 90, 383 (1995).
27) P. R. Callis, J. T. Vivian, L. S. Slater, Chem. Phys. Lett., 244, 53 (1995).
28) J. Griffiths, Dyes Pigm., 3, 211 (1982).
29) $BF|K\2=3X2qJT(B, $B2=3XAm@b(B No. 38, "$BJ!0f8,0l$H%U%m%s%F%#%"50F;M}O@(B", $B3X2q=PHG%;%s%?!<(B, (1983).